Except as modified by the express provisions of this Chapter, the regulations of the underlying zoning districts or special purpose districts shall remain in effect.

Access zone

For the purposes of this Chapter, an “access zone” shall refer to the portion of an accessory off-street parking facility, public parking garage or an automobile rental establishment, occupied by:

(a)        vehicular ramps between parking levels, or between a parking level and a vehicular entrance or exit, provided that such ramps are not used as parking spaces or associated maneuvering space;

(b)        vehicular elevators;

(c)        required reservoir spaces;

(d)        portions of required accessible pedestrian egress routes, including any associated ramps or elevators; or

(e)        bicycle parking spaces.

Parking zone

For the purposes of this Chapter, a “parking zone” shall refer to the portion of an accessory off-street parking facility, public parking garage or an automobile rental establishment, occupied by permitted off-street parking spaces and associated maneuvering space, and any other portion of such parking facility not included in the access zone. In attended parking facilities with parking lift systems, the parking zone shall also include the lifted tray a vehicle is stored upon.

Maps are located in Section 13-141 of this Chapter for the purpose of specifying areas where special regulations and requirements set forth in this Chapter apply.

Map 1 – Area where public parking lots are not permitted in the midtown Manhattan Core

Map 2 – Area where public parking lots are not permitted in the downtown Manhattan Core

The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to Roosevelt Island, in Community District 8, or to Governors Island, in Community District 1, in the Borough of Manhattan. In the Hudson Yards parking regulations applicability area, as defined in Section 93-81, the provisions of this Chapter shall apply as specified in Section 93-80 (OFF-STREET PARKING REGULATIONS).

Additional modifications to the provisions of this Chapter are found in the following Special Purpose Districts:

(a)        the Special Midtown District, as set forth in Section 81-30 (OFF-STREET PARKING AND OFF-STREET LOADING REGULATIONS), inclusive, Section 81-44 (Curb Cut Restrictions) and paragraph (c) of Section 81-84 (Mandatory Regulations and Prohibitions);

(b)        the Special Lincoln Square District, as set forth in Section 82-50 (OFF-STREET PARKING AND OFF-STREET LOADING REGULATIONS);

(c)        the Special Battery Park City District, as set forth in Section 84-14 (Parking Regulations and Curb Cuts), inclusive;

(d)        the Special United Nations Development District, as set forth in Section 85-03 (Modifications of Use Regulations);

(e)        the Special Lower Manhattan District, as set forth in Section 91-50 (OFF-STREET PARKING, LOADING AND CURB CUT REGULATIONS), inclusive;

(f)        the Special Park Improvement District, as set forth in Section 92-05 (Maximum Number of Accessory Off-street Parking Spaces);

(g)        the Special Transit Land Use District, as set forth in Section 95-09 (Special Regulations for Accessory Off-street Parking and Curb Cuts);

(h)        the Special Clinton District, as set forth in Section 96-111 (Off-street parking regulations);

(i)        the Special Madison Avenue Preservation District, as set forth in Section 99-06 (Off-street Parking Regulations);

(j)        the Special Little Italy District, as set forth in Sections 109-16 (Parking Regulations), 109-351 (Parking regulations), 109-352 (Curb cut regulations) and 109-521 (Modification of accessory off-street parking facilities); and

(k)        the Special Hudson River Park District, as set forth in Section 89-21 (Transfer of Floor Area From Hudson River Park).

If, before May 8, 2013, an application for an authorization or special permit relating to parking regulations in the Manhattan Core has been certified or referred by the City Planning Commission or has been filed with the Board of Standards and Appeals, such application may continue pursuant to the regulations in effect at the time such authorization or special permit was certified or referred by the Commission or filed with the Board. Such authorizations or special permits, if granted by the Commission or Board, may be started or continued, in accordance with the terms thereof, or as such terms may be subsequently modified, pursuant to the regulations in effect at the time such authorization or special permits were certified or referred by the Commission or filed with the Board.

Any authorization or special permit relating to parking regulations in the Manhattan Core granted by the Commission or Board prior to May 8, 2013, may be started or continued, in accordance with the terms thereof, or as such terms may be subsequently modified, pursuant to the regulations in effect at the time such authorization or special permit was granted.

All such authorizations or special permits shall be subject to the provisions of Sections 11-42 (Lapse of Authorization or Special Permit Granted by the City Planning Commission Pursuant to the 1961 Zoning Resolution) and 11-43 (Renewal of Authorization or Special Permit).

Notwithstanding the foregoing, any subsequent modifications to such authorizations or special permits that involve an increase in the number of off-street parking spaces provided, shall be only as permitted by the applicable special permit provisions of Section 13-45 (Special Permits for Additional Parking Spaces).

The provisions of this Section shall apply to existing required or permitted accessory off-street parking spaces, public parking lots and public parking garages, established prior to May 8, 2013, in the Manhattan Core, as applicable, and to existing buildings developed without the provision of parking.

(a)        Existing parking facilities

Existing required or permitted accessory off-street parking spaces, public parking lots and public parking garages, established prior to May 8, 2013, shall continue to be subject to the applicable zoning district regulations in effect prior to May 8, 2013, except that:

(1)        any reduction or elimination of existing accessory off-street parking spaces that were required under the applicable provisions in effect prior to April 29, 1982, or for public or publicly assisted housing under the applicable provisions in effect prior to May 8, 2013, shall only be allowed by authorization of the City Planning Commission pursuant to Section 13-443 (Reduction in the number of required existing parking spaces);

(2)        enlargements, extensions or any increase in the number of off-street parking spaces within such off-street parking facilities shall only be permitted by special permit by the Commission pursuant to the applicable provisions of Section 13-45 (Special Permits for Additional Parking Spaces);

(3)        conversions shall be permitted to retain all spaces in existing parking facilities. Additional accessory off-street parking spaces shall only be permitted by special permit by the Commission, pursuant to the applicable special permit provisions of Section 13-45; and

(4)        an accessory off-street parking facility in possession of a license issued by the Department of Consumer Affairs, pursuant to Section 20-321 of the New York City Administrative Code, to maintain, operate or conduct a garage or parking lot (as defined therein) prior to January 1, 2012, may make accessory parking spaces available for public use in accordance with the provisions of Section 13-21 (Public Use and Off-site Parking), provided that a copy of such license is filed with the Department of Buildings. However, any increase in the number of spaces in such a facility shall only be permitted by special permit by the Commission, pursuant to the applicable provisions of Section 13-45.

(b)        Existing buildings developed without parking

Within the Manhattan Core, existing buildings developed without the provision of parking may add up to 15 accessory off-street parking spaces only where the City Planning Commission authorizes such additional spaces pursuant to the provisions of Section 13-442 (Limited increase in parking spaces for existing buildings without parking).

Accessory off-street parking spaces are permitted for residences in developments or enlargements, as follows:

(a)        for Community Districts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, accessory off-street parking spaces may be provided for not more than 20 percent of the total number of new dwelling units contained in the development or enlargement, or 200 spaces, whichever is less;

(b)        for Community Districts 7 and 8, accessory off-street parking spaces may be provided for not more than 35 percent of the total number of new dwelling units contained in the development or enlargement, or 200 spaces, whichever is less.

Accessory off-street parking spaces are permitted for non-residential uses in developments or enlargements, as follows:

(a)        Transient hotels

For transient hotel developments or enlargements, a maximum of 225 accessory off-street parking spaces shall be permitted. In no event may the number of parking spaces exceed 15 percent of the number of new transient hotel rooms;

(b)        Hospitals

For hospital developments or enlargements, a maximum of 100 accessory off-street parking spaces are permitted;

(c)        Retail uses

For developments or enlargements comprising commercial uses listed in Use Groups 6A, 6C or 10A, the maximum number of accessory off-street parking spaces permitted shall not exceed one space per 4,000 square feet of floor area, or 10 spaces, whichever is less;

(d)        Other commercial, community facility and manufacturing uses

For developments or enlargements comprising community facility uses other than hospitals, commercial uses other than those listed in paragraphs (a) and (c) of this Section, or manufacturing uses, the maximum number of accessory off-street parking spaces permitted shall not exceed one space per 4,000 square feet of such community facility, commercial or manufacturing floor area or 100 spaces, whichever is less.

Where a development or enlargement contains a combination of uses for which parking regulations are set forth in Sections 13-11 (Permitted Parking for Residences) and 13-12 (Permitted Parking for Non-Residential Uses), the number of accessory off-street parking spaces for all such uses shall not exceed the number of spaces permitted for each use in accordance with the provisions of such Sections. However, in no event shall the maximum number exceed 225 accessory off-street parking spaces.

Public parking lots, with a maximum capacity of 150 spaces, are permitted in C2, C4, C6, C8, M1-5, M1-6, M2 and M3 Districts, except that:

(a)        no public parking lots shall be permitted within:

(1)        the area shown on Map 1 (Area where public parking lots are not permitted in the midtown Manhattan Core) in Section 13-141;

(2)        the area designated on Map 2 (Area where public parking lots are not permitted in the downtown Manhattan Core) in Section 13-141; and

(3)        the Preservation Area of the Special Clinton District, as shown on the map in Appendix A of Article IX, Chapter 6; and

(b)        for M1-5 or M1-6 Districts, public parking lots shall only be permitted in the following locations:

(1)        north of 42nd Street and west of 10th Avenue;

(2)        west of Ninth Avenue between 17th Street and 30th Street; and

(3)        south of Canal Street.

In such districts, the City Planning Commission may permit a public parking lot in a location not allowed by this Section pursuant to the applicable special permit in Section 13-45 (Special Permits for Additional Parking Spaces). Any such proposed public parking lots located in the Preservation Area of the Special Clinton District shall also be subject to the additional findings set forth in Section 96-111 (Off-street parking regulations).

Automobile rental establishments, as listed in Use Group 8, are permitted, provided that:

(a)        in C2 Districts, the number of automobiles that may be stored in such establishments shall not exceed 150 spaces;

(b)        in C4, C6 and C8 Districts, the number of automobiles that may be stored in such establishments shall not exceed 225 spaces; and

(c)        in M1, M2 and M3 Districts, the number of automobiles that may be stored in such establishments shall not exceed 300 spaces.

All accessory off-street parking spaces may be made available for public use. However, any such space shall be made available to the occupant of a residence to which it is accessory within 30 days after written request therefor is made to the landlord.

No accessory off-street parking spaces shall be located on a zoning lot other than the same zoning lot as the use to which they are accessory.

(a)        Screening

In addition to the screening provisions of paragraph (a)(1) of Section 13-221 (Enclosure and screening requirements), the ground floor use provisions of the following Sections shall apply:

(1)        Sections 32-431 (Ground floor use in C1-8A, C1-9A, C2-7A, C2-8A, C4-6A and C4-7A Districts) and 32-432 (Ground floor use in Community Board 7, Borough of Manhattan);

(2)        Section 32-435 (Ground floor use in high density Commercial Districts) ;

(3)        Sections 81-42 (Retail Continuity Along Designated Streets) and 81-531 (Special retail frontage requirements) in the Special Midtown District ;

(4)        Section 82-21 (Restrictions on Street Level Uses) in the Special Lincoln Square District ;

(5)        Section 91-12 (Uses on Designated Retail Streets) and the applicable Sections of 91-41 (Regulations for Designated Retail Streets), inclusive, in the Special Lower Manhattan District ;

(6)        Section 95-08 (Special Use Regulations), inclusive, in the Special Transit Land Use District ;

(7)        Section 96-21 (Special Regulations for 42nd Street Perimeter Area), paragraph (c), in the Special Clinton District ;

(8)        Section 98-14 (Ground Floor Use and Transparency Requirements on Tenth Avenue) in the Special West Chelsea District ;

(9)        Section 99-03 (Special Use Regulations), inclusive, in the Special Madison Avenue Preservation District ;

(10)        Sections 109-11 (Special Use Regulations), inclusive, and 109-21 (Use Regulations), inclusive in the Special Little Italy District ; and

(11)        Section 132-20 (SPECIAL USE REGULATIONS), inclusive, in the Special Enhanced Commercial District.

(b)        Transparency

The transparency provisions of paragraph (a)(2) of Section 13-221 shall not apply to portions of ground floor level street walls that are subject to the following Sections:

(1)        Section 32-435 (Ground floor use in high density Commercial Districts);

(2)        Section 81-42 (Retail Continuity Along Designated Streets) in the Special Midtown District ;

(3)        Section 82-23 (Street Wall Transparency) in the Special Lincoln Square District ;

(4)        Section 91-412 (Access and glazing of required retail space) in the Special Lower Manhattan District ;

(5)        Section 96-21 (Special Regulations for 42nd Street Perimeter Area), paragraph (c), in the Special Clinton District ;

(6)        Section 98-14 (Ground Floor Use and Transparency Requirements on Tenth Avenue) in the Special West Chelsea District ; and

(7)        Section 132-30 (SPECIAL TRANSPARENCY REGULATIONS AND STREET WALL LOCATION), inclusive, in the Special Enhanced Commercial District.

The definition of floor area in Section 12-10 shall be modified for purposes of this Chapter, as follows: floor space used for off-street parking spaces in an accessory automated parking facility up to a height of 40 feet above curb level shall be exempt from the definition of floor area upon certification of the Chairperson of the City Planning Commission, pursuant to the provisions of Section 13-432 (Floor area exemption for automated parking facilities).

In addition to the provisions of this Section, inclusive, additional restrictions on curb cuts in the Manhattan Core are found in the following Special Purpose Districts:

(a)        the Special Midtown District, as set forth in Sections 81-44 (Curb Cut Restrictions) and 81-675 (Curb cut restrictions and loading berth requirements);

(b)        the Special Lincoln Square District, as set forth in paragraph (b) of Section 82-50 (OFF-STREET PARKING AND OFF-STREET LOADING REGULATIONS);

(c)        the Special Battery Park City District, as set forth in Sections 84-144 (Location of curb cuts) and 84-343 (Curb cuts);

(d)        the Special Lower Manhattan District, as set forth in Section 91-52 (Curb Cut Regulations);

(e)        the Special Park Improvement District, as set forth in Section 92-05 (Maximum Number of Accessory Off-street Parking Spaces);

(f)        the Special Transit Land Use District, as set forth in Section 95-09 (Special Regulations for Accessory Off-street Parking and Curb Cuts);

(g)        the Special Clinton District, as set forth in paragraph (f) of Section 96-21 (Special Regulations for 42nd Street Perimeter Area);

(h)        the Special Madison Avenue Preservation District, as set forth in Section 99-06 (Off-street Parking Regulations); and

(i)        the Special Little Italy District, as set forth in Section 109-351 (Curb cut regulations).

For the purpose of determining required reservoir spaces, fractions equal to or greater than one-half resulting from the calculations in this Section shall be considered to be one reservoir space. In no event shall the dimensions of any reservoir space be less than 18 feet long and 8 feet, 6 inches wide.

(a)        Attended parking facilities

For attended accessory off-street parking facilities or public parking lots with more than 25 off-street parking spaces, off-street reservoir space at the vehicular entrance shall be provided to accommodate:

(1)        five percent of the total number of parking spaces provided in parking facilities with more than 25 parking spaces and up to 50 parking spaces;

(2)        ten percent of the total number of parking spaces provided in parking facilities with more than 50 parking spaces and up to 100 parking spaces;

(3)        ten parking spaces in parking facilities with more than 100 off-street parking spaces and up to 200 parking spaces; and

(4)        five percent of the total number of parking spaces provided in parking facilities with more than 200 off-street parking spaces. However such number of reservoir spaces need not exceed 50.

(b)        Automated parking facilities

For automated parking facilities, off-street reservoir space at the vehicle entrance shall be provided at the rate set forth in paragraph (a) of this Section.

Each individual parking location where a driver is permitted to leave a vehicle for transfer to a mechanized automobile storage and retrieval unit shall constitute one reservoir space. Additional reservoir spaces may be located where drivers queue to access such locations for vehicle transfer.

In addition, the number of reservoir spaces required pursuant to this Section may be reduced where the Commissioner of Buildings determines that the operational characteristics of such automated parking facility warrant such a reduction.

(c)        Automobile rental establishments

For automobile rental establishments, off-street reservoir space at the vehicle entrance shall be provided at the rate set forth in paragraph (a) of this Section.

(d)        Self-parking facilities

For self-parking accessory off-street parking facilities and public parking lots where entering vehicles are required to stop before a mechanically operated barrier before entering such parking facility, such barrier shall be placed a minimum of 20 feet beyond the street line.

For all accessory off-street parking facilities, the following safety features shall be provided at all vehicular exit points:

(a)        a stop sign which shall be clearly visible to drivers. Such signage shall comply with the standards set forth in the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) for a conventional single lane road; and

(b)        a speed bump, which shall be located within the exit lane of the parking facility. Such speed bump shall:

(1)        span the width of the vehicular travel lane;

(2)        have a minimum height of two inches, as measured from the adjoining grade of the exit lane, and a maximum depth of 12 inches; and

(3)        shall be located a minimum of four feet beyond the street line, as measured perpendicular to the street line.

For all accessory off-street parking facilities and automobile rental establishments, the minimum and maximum size requirements for the parking zone for such parking facilities shall be set forth in this Section. The access zone of such parking facilities shall not have a minimum or maximum gross surface area.

For the purpose of calculating surface area in attended parking facilities with parking lift systems, the lifted tray upon which a vehicle is stored shall constitute surface area.

(a)        Attended parking facilities

(1)        For attended parking facilities without parking lift systems, the minimum gross surface area, in square feet, of the parking zone shall be 180 times the number of off-street parking spaces provided, and the maximum gross surface area, in square feet, of the parking zone shall not exceed 200 times the number of off-street parking spaces provided.

(2)        For attended parking facilities with parking lift systems, the minimum and maximum surface area of the portion of the parking zone allocated to non-elevated parking spaces shall be calculated at the rate set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this Section; and the surface area, in square feet, of the portion of the parking zone allocated to elevated parking spaces shall be 153 times the number of elevated spaces able to be provided on lifted trays.

(b)        Automated parking facilities

No minimum or maximum surface area requirement shall be required in off-street parking facilities that the Commissioner of Buildings determines to be automated parking facilities.

(c)        Automobile rental establishments

The maximum gross surface area, in square feet, of the parking zone of an automobile rental establishment, shall be established at the rate set forth in paragraph (a) of this Section.

(d)        Self-park facilities

The gross surface area, in square feet, of the parking zone of a self-parking accessory off-street parking facility shall be a minimum of 300 times the number of off-street parking spaces provided, and a maximum of 350 times the number of off-street parking spaces provided. However, an area of less than 300 square feet, but in no event less than 200 square feet, may be considered as one space, where the layout and design of the parking area are adequate to permit convenient access and maneuvering in accordance with regulations promulgated by the Commissioner of Buildings.

Such minimum and maximum parking zone requirements of this Section may be modified by the Chairperson of the City Planning Commission pursuant to the certification set forth in Section 13-431 (Reduction of minimum facility size).

For all permitted or required accessory loading berths, the minimum length requirements for hospitals and related facilities or prisons; hotels, offices or court houses; commercial uses ; and wholesale, manufacturing or storage uses, set forth in Sections 36-681 (Size of required berths) and 44-581 (Size of required loading berths), shall be 37 feet.

In addition to the floor area exemption for accessory off-street loading berths set forth in Section 12-10 (DEFINITIONS), for buildings with a total floor area in excess of 100,000 square feet, up to 300 square feet of floor space may be exempted from the definition of floor area where such buildings allocate a permanent space for dumpster storage, and such storage space has a minimum dimension of 12 feet by 25 feet. Such dumpster storage space shall be adjacent to a building’s loading berth.

The provisions of Sections 36-63 and 44-53 (Special Provisions for a Single Zoning Lot With Uses Subject to Different Loading Requirements) shall not apply.

In addition to the provisions of Sections 25-75, 36-682 and 44-582 (Location of access to the street), no entrance or exit to an accessory off-street loading berth shall be located on a street with a roadbed width that is less than 20 feet, as measured curb to curb.

The provisions of Sections 25-75 (Location of Access to the Street), 36-65 and 44-55 (Waiver of Requirements for All Zoning Lots Where Access Would Be Forbidden) shall be modified to allow the Commissioner of Buildings to reduce or waive the applicable loading berth requirements, provided that:

(a)        the zoning lot only has frontage upon a street, or portion thereof, where curb cuts or entrances and exits to accessory off-street loading berths are not permitted;

(b)        the zoning lot has frontage along a street where curb cuts accessing a loading berth are otherwise permitted, but there is no access to such zoning lot from the street due to the presence of:

(1)        a building, existing on May 8, 2013, containing residences ;

(2)        a non-residential building, existing on May 8, 2013, that is three or more stories in height; or

(3)        a building designated as a landmark or considered a contributing building in an Historic District designated by the Landmarks Preservation Commission; or

(c)        there are subsurface conditions, ventilation requirements from below-grade infrastructure or other site planning constraints that would make accommodating such loading berths infeasible.

In the case of paragraph (c), as set forth in this Section, the Commissioner shall require a loading berth of not less than 33 feet in depth, if such a berth can be accommodated in consideration of the relevant site restraints. The Commissioner of Buildings may request reports from licensed engineers or registered architects in considering such reduction or waiver.

The City Planning Commission may grant certifications, authorizations and special permits in accordance with Section 13-40, inclusive. All such special permits and authorizations, in addition to meeting the requirements, conditions and safeguards prescribed by the Commission as specified in this Section, shall conform to and comply with all of the applicable regulations, except as otherwise specified herein.

An application to the City Planning Commission for the grant of a certification, authorization or special permit under the provisions of Section 13-40 shall include a site plan showing the location of all existing and proposed buildings or other structures on the zoning lot, the location of all vehicular entrances and exits and off-street parking spaces, and such other information as may be required by the Commission.

In accordance with the special permit provisions of Sections 13-451 through 13-455, the City Planning Commission may permit the off-street parking facilities listed in paragraph (a) of this Section, provided that such parking facilities comply with the conditions of paragraph (b) and the findings of paragraphs (c) and (d) of this Section.

(a)        Eligible parking facilities

The City Planning Commission may permit, subject to the otherwise applicable zoning district regulations:

(1)        accessory off-street parking facilities on-site or off-site, open or enclosed, with any capacity, where such facilities:

(i)        are proposed developments or enlargements with a capacity not otherwise allowed under the applicable regulations of Section 13-10 (PERMITTED OFF-STREET PARKING IN THE MANHATTAN CORE); or

(ii)        are existing prior to May 8, 2013, and increasing the number of parking spaces, pursuant to the provisions of Section 13-07 (Existing Buildings and Off-street Parking Facilities);

(2)        public parking lots, where such facilities:

(i)        are proposed developments or enlargements with any capacity not otherwise allowed under the applicable regulations of Section 13-10;

(ii)        are existing prior to May 8, 2013, and increasing the number of parking spaces, pursuant to the provisions of Section 13-07; or

(iii)        are proposed developments or enlargements in locations not permitted by Section 13-14 (Permitted Parking in Public Parking Lots);

(3)        public parking garages, where such facilities:

(i)        are proposed developments or enlargements in the zoning districts permitted, pursuant to paragraph (d) of Section 13-041 (Applicability of parking regulations within the Manhattan Core); or

(ii)        are existing prior to May 8, 2013, and increasing the number of parking spaces pursuant to the provisions of Section 13-07.

The Commission may also permit floor space in such public parking garages used for off-street parking spaces in any story located not more than 23 feet above curb level to be exempt from the definition of floor area, as set forth in Section 12-10.

(b)        Conditions

The proposed parking facility shall comply with the applicable provisions of Section 13-20 (SPECIAL RULES FOR MANHATTAN CORE PARKING FACILITIES). Proposed public parking garages shall utilize the applicable regulations for accessory off-street parking facilities. However, applications to increase the number of parking spaces in parking facilities existing prior to May 8, 2013, need not comply with the provisions of Section 13-221 (Enclosure and screening requirements).

(c)        Findings

The Commission shall find that:

(1)        the location of the vehicular entrances and exits to such parking facility will not unduly interrupt the flow of pedestrian traffic associated with uses or public facilities, including access points to mass transit facilities in close proximity thereto, or result in any undue conflict between pedestrian and vehicular movements, due to the entering and leaving movement of vehicles;

(2)        the location of the vehicular entrances and exits to such parking facility will not interfere with the efficient functioning of streets, including any lanes designated for specific types of users or vehicles, due to the entering and leaving movement of vehicles;

(3)        such use will not create or contribute to serious traffic congestion and will not unduly inhibit surface traffic and pedestrian flow;

(4)        for public parking garages, that where any floor space is exempted from the definition of floor area, such additional floor space is needed in order to prevent excessive on-street parking demand and relieve traffic congestion; and

(5)        such parking facility will not be inconsistent with the character of the existing streetscape.

(d)        Additional findings

The Commission shall also find that each proposed off-street parking facility complies with the additional findings set forth in one of the following Sections, as applicable:

(1)        Section 13-451 (Additional parking spaces for residential growth) shall apply to any such parking facility serving the parking needs of a predominantly residential development or enlargement on a tract of land that has or will have an area of less than 1.5 acres;

(2)        Section 13-452 (Additional parking spaces for health care, arts or public assembly uses) shall apply to any such parking facility serving the parking needs of any use listed in paragraph (a) of Section 13-452 on a tract of land that has or will have an area of less than 1.5 acres;

(3)        Section 13-453 (Additional parking spaces for economic development uses) shall apply to any such parking facility serving the parking needs of a non-residential use not otherwise listed in paragraph (a) of Section 13-452 on a tract of land that has or will have an area of less than 1.5 acres;

(4)        Section 13-454 (Additional parking spaces for large development sites) shall apply to any such parking facility serving the parking needs of a large-scale development or any other development or enlargement on a tract of land that has or will have an area of at least 1.5 acres; or

(5)        Section 13-455 (Additional parking spaces for existing accessory off-street parking facilities) shall apply to any such accessory parking facility existing prior to May 8, 2013.

In determining the amount of additional parking spaces to grant pursuant to such additional findings, the Commission may take into account levels of vacancy in existing off-street parking facilities within the area of the proposed parking facility.